A vehicle commander halts at a known, fixed location... This specific type of navigational error is an indicator of:

A vehicle commander halts at a known, fixed location... This specific type of navigational error is an indicator of:

• A. The map sheet being printed with a significant error.
• B. GPS "spoofing," a form of electronic attack where an enemy transmits a false signal.
• C. The vehicle's own engine causing minor electronic interference.
• D. The user misinterpreting the map scale.

Answer: (B)

GPS spoofing is an electronic attack where an adversary transmits counterfeit GPS signals to mislead a receiver about its true location. If a vehicle commander finds the unit stopping at a fixed, known point, that’s a telltale sign the navigation data isn’t reflecting reality—the spoofed signals create a stable, false position and can cause the vehicle to halt as if it had reached a waypoint. This kind of deliberate misleading of position is specific to spoofing, unlike map print errors, engine interference, or misreading map scale, which would produce different kinds of errors in interpretation or sensor readings rather than a deliberate, stationary fix on the GPS display.

GPS spoofing is an electronic attack where an adversary transmits counterfeit GPS signals to mislead a receiver about its true location. If a vehicle commander finds the unit stopping at a fixed, known point, that’s a telltale sign the navigation data isn’t reflecting reality—the spoofed signals create a stable, false position and can cause the vehicle to halt as if it had reached a waypoint. This kind of deliberate misleading of position is specific to spoofing, unlike map print errors, engine interference, or misreading map scale, which would produce different kinds of errors in interpretation or sensor readings rather than a deliberate, stationary fix on the GPS display.